Comorbidity definition psychology

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What can I do to prevent this in the future?If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware.If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with (that is, concomitant or concurrent with) a primary disease or disorder; in the countable sense of the term, a comorbidity (plural comorbidities) is each additional disorder or disease.

The additional disorder may be a behavioral or mental disorder.The term can indicate either a condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition or a related medical condition. The latter sense of the term causes some overlap with the concept of complications. For example, in longstanding diabetes mellitus, the extent to which coronary artery disease is an independent comorbidity versus a diabetic complication is not easy to measure, because both diseases are quite multivariate and there are likely aspects of both simultaneity and consequence.

The same is true of intercurrent diseases in pregnancy. In other examples, the true independence or relation is not ascertainable because syndromes and associations are often identified long before pathogenetic commonalities are confirmed (and, in some examples, before they are even hypothesized). In psychiatric diagnoses it has been argued in part that this "'use of imprecise language may lead to correspondingly imprecise thinking', [and] this usage of the term 'comorbidity' should probably be avoided." [1] However, in many medical examples, such as comorbid diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease, it makes little difference which word is used, as long as the medical complexity is duly recognized and addressed. Contents• 1 In medicine• 1.1 Charlson index• 1.2 Comorbidity-Polypharmacy Score (CPS)• 1.3 Elixhauser comorbidity measure• 1.4 Diagnosis-related group• 2 Mental health• 3 Inception of the term• 3.1 Evolution of the term• 4 Research• 4.1 Psychiatry• 4.2 General medicine• 5 Synonyms• 6 Epidemiology• 6.1 Clinico-pathological comparisons• 6.2 Research• 7 Causes• 8 Types• 9 Structure• 10 Diagnosis• 10.1 Clinical example• 10.2 Methods of evaluation• 10.3 Models• 11 Treatment of comorbid patient• 12 See also• 13 References• 14 External links• 15 Further readingIn medicine [ edit ]In medicine, comorbidity describes the effect of all other diseases an individual patient might have other than the primary disease of interest.Many tests attempt to standardize the "weight" or value of comorbid conditions, whether they are secondary or tertiary illnesses.

Each test attempts to consolidate each individual comorbid condition into a single, predictive variable that measures mortality or other outcomes. Researchers have validated such tests because of their predictive value, but no one test is as yet recognized as a standard.The term "comorbid" has three definitions:• to indicate a medical condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition in a patient (this is the older and more "correct" definition)• to indicate a medical condition in a patient that causes, is caused by, or is otherwise related to another condition in the same patient (this is a newer, nonstandard definition and less well-accepted).

[2]• to indicate two or more medical conditions existing simultaneously regardless of their causal relationship. [3]Charlson index [ edit ]The Charlson comorbidity index [4] predicts the one-year mortality for a patient who may have a range of comorbid conditions, such as heart disease, AIDS, or cancer (a total of 22 conditions).

Each condition is assigned a score of 1, 2, 3, or 6, depending on the risk of dying associated with each one. Scores are summed to provide a total score to predict mortality. Many variations of the Charlson comorbidity index have been presented, including the Charlson/Deyo, Charlson/Romano, Charlson/Manitoba, and Charlson/D'Hoores comorbidity indices.Clinical conditions and associated scores are as follows:• 1 each: Myocardial infarct, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, connective tissue disease, ulcer, chronic liver disease, diabetes.• 2 each: Hemiplegia, moderate or severe kidney disease, diabetes with end organ damage, tumor, leukemia, lymphoma.• 3 each: Moderate or severe liver disease.• 6 each: Malignant tumor, metastasis, AIDS.For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition.

For example, a patient may have cancer with comorbid heart disease and diabetes. These comorbidities may be so severe that the costs and risks of cancer treatment would outweigh its short-term benefit.Since patients often do not know how severe their conditions are, nurses were originally supposed to review a patient's chart and determine whether a particular condition was present in order to calculate the index.

Subsequent studies have adapted the comorbidity index into a questionnaire for patients.The Charlson index, especially the Charlson/Deyo, followed by the Elixhauser have been most commonly referred by the comparatIn medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional diseases or disorders co-occurring with (that is, concomitant or concurrent with) a primary disease or disorder; in the countable sense of the term, a comorbidity (plural comorbidities) is each additional disorder or disease.

The additional disorder may be a behavioral or mental disorder.The term can indicate either a condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition or a related medical condition. The latter sense of the term causes some overlap with the concept of complications. For example, in longstanding diabetes mellitus, the extent to which coronary artery disease is an independent comorbidity versus a diabetic complication is not easy to measure, because both diseases are quite multivariate and there are likely aspects of both simultaneity and consequence.

The same is true of intercurrent diseases in pregnancy. In other examples, the true independence or relation is not ascertainable because syndromes and associations are often identified long before pathogenetic commonalities are confirmed (and, in some examples, before they are even hypothesized).

In psychiatric diagnoses it has been argued in part that this "'use of imprecise language may lead to correspondingly imprecise thinking', [and] this usage of the term 'comorbidity' should probably be avoided." [1] However, in many medical examples, such as comorbid diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease, it makes little difference which word is used, as long as the medical complexity is duly recognized and addressed. Contents• 1 In medicine• 1.1 Charlson index• 1.2 Comorbidity-Polypharmacy Score (CPS)• 1.3 Elixhauser comorbidity measure• 1.4 Diagnosis-related group• 2 Mental health• 3 Inception of the term• 3.1 Evolution of the term• 4 Research• 4.1 Psychiatry• 4.2 General medicine• 5 Synonyms• 6 Epidemiology• 6.1 Clinico-pathological comparisons• 6.2 Research• 7 Causes• 8 Types• 9 Structure• 10 Diagnosis• 10.1 Clinical example• 10.2 Methods of evaluation• 10.3 Models• 11 Treatment of comorbid patient• 12 See also• 13 References• 14 External links• 15 Further readingIn medicine [ edit ]In medicine, comorbidity describes the effect of all other diseases an individual patient might have other than the primary disease of interest.Many tests attempt to standardize the "weight" or value of comorbid conditions, whether they are secondary or tertiary illnesses.

Each test attempts to consolidate each individual comorbid condition into a single, predictive variable that measures mortality or other outcomes.

Researchers have validated such tests because of their predictive value, but no one test is as yet recognized as a standard.The term "comorbid" has three definitions:• to indicate a medical condition existing simultaneously but independently with another condition in a patient (this is the older and more "correct" definition)• to indicate a medical condition in a patient that causes, is caused by, or is otherwise related to another condition in the same patient (this is a newer, nonstandard definition and less well-accepted).

[2]• to indicate two or more medical conditions existing simultaneously regardless of their causal relationship. [3]Charlson index [ edit ]The Charlson comorbidity index [4] predicts the one-year mortality for a patient who may have a range of comorbid conditions, such as heart disease, AIDS, or cancer (a total of 22 conditions).

Each condition is assigned a score of 1, 2, 3, or 6, depending on the risk of dying associated with each one. Scores are summed to provide a total score to predict mortality. Many variations of the Charlson comorbidity index have been presented, including the Charlson/Deyo, Charlson/Romano, Charlson/Manitoba, and Charlson/D'Hoores comorbidity indices.Clinical conditions and associated scores are as follows:• 1 each: Myocardial infarct, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, comorbidity definition psychology, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, connective tissue disease, ulcer, chronic liver disease, diabetes.• 2 each: Hemiplegia, moderate or severe kidney disease, diabetes with end organ damage, tumor, leukemia, lymphoma.• 3 each: Moderate or severe liver disease.• 6 each: Malignant tumor, metastasis, AIDS.For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a condition.

For example, a patient may have cancer with comorbid heart disease and diabetes. These comorbidities may be so severe that the costs and risks of cancer treatment would outweigh its short-term benefit.Since patients often do not know how severe their conditions are, nurses were originally supposed to review a patient's chart and determine whether a particular condition was present in order to calculate the index.

Subsequent studies have adapted the comorbidity index into a questionnaire for patients.The Charlson index, especially the Charlson/Deyo, followed by the Elixhauser have been most commonly referred by the comparatWhat can I do to prevent this in the future?If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware.If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. ComorbidityComorbidity is a clinical description used to describe the coexistence of two or more clinical diagnoses.

For instance, in clinical mental health practice it is not uncommon for people to displays the symptoms of emotional and/or behavioral problems that exist in conjunction with substance abuse. � 1998-2016, AlleyDog.com. All material within this site is the property of AlleyDog.com. This material may not be reprinted or copied for any reason without the express written consent of AlleyDog.com. Find Degrees by Subject• Agriculture• Architecture• Biological and BiomedicalSciences• Business• Communications and Journalism• Computer Sciences• Culinary Arts and PersonalServices• Education• Engineering• Legal• Liberal Arts and Humanities• Mechanic and Repair Technologies• Medical and Health Professions• Physical Sciences• Psychology• Transportation and Distribution• Visual and Performing Arts Video: What is Comorbidity?

- Definition & Examples in Psychology Comorbidity is the existence of more than one disorder or disease at the same time. In this lesson, you will follow a fictional psychologist who explains what comorbidity is and when it is likely to occur. Start Your Free Trial To Continue WatchingAs a member, you'll also get unlimited access to overlessons in math, English, science, history, and more.

Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you succeed. Free 5-day trial Comorbidity is the existence of more than one disorder or disease at the same time. In this lesson, you will follow a fictional psychologist who explains what comorbidity is and when it is likely to occur. What Is Comorbidity?Comorbidity is a term comorbidity definition psychology might hear pretty frequently in psychology as well as in medicine more broadly.

Its important to understand comorbidity and how it works so that you can evaluate and help comorbid patients, or patients that are suffering from multiple, related diseases or disorders at the same time. In psychology, comorbidity refers to more than one disorders or diseases that exist alongside a primary diagnosis, which is the reason a patient gets referred and/or treated.You can remember the word because the prefix, co- indicates that things go together, and when we think of serious illnesses, it can sometimes make us feel morbid.

Sometimes, the additional disorders are psychological, and sometimes they are more purely physiological in nature. There are some diseases and disorders that are more likely than others to be comorbid with one another.In this lesson, you will follow along with fictional psychologist Dr. Brady, who specializes in comorbidity in mental health. Dr. Brady will offer up some common examples of comorbidity. Then, he'll discuss issues in diagnosis and treatment of comorbid patients.

Common ExamplesDr. Brady is accustomed to treating disorders and mental health issues that are comorbid with one another. He has noticed and confirmed, via following relevant research, that the following examples are commonly comorbid:Depressive DisordersMajor depressive disorder often coexists with other conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder, substance abuse disorders, and serious physical illnesses or disabilities. Dr. Brady has a patient named Steve who is diagnosed with depression.

Steve also suffers from PTSD due to an abusive childhood, and he has multiple sclerosis. Dr. Brady focuses on treating the depression but keeps the other disorders close in mind.Anxiety DisordersAnxiety disorders are often comorbid with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress, and substance abuse, to name a few. Dr. Brady's patient, Mary, has an anxiety disorder.

She spent a great deal of time self-medicating with painkillers, so she now has a substance comorbidity definition psychology problem as well.SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is often comorbid with depression, anxiety, substance abuse and other addictions. Dr. Brady notes that this is a particularly complex example because patients with schizophrenia are likely to resist treatment, and when schizophrenia remains untreated, there is comorbidity with other psychological and physical diseases.

Dr. Brady's patient, Susan, has schizophrenia. Susan also suffers from anxiety, which Dr. Brady has to remember when treating the schizophrenia, her primary condition.Substance Abuse and AddictionDr. Brady treats many patients who suffer from substance abuse and other addictions. Unfortunately, these patients very often have other disorders as a result of the behaviors engendered by their addictions. Dr. Brady notes that treatment of comorbid substance abuse patients is complicated because it can be difficult to determine which aspect of their suffering should be addressed first.

Dr. Brady's patient, Mike, has an alcohol addiction. The alcohol has caused liver problems and sleeping difficulties, which Dr. Brady must address alongside the addiction. Comorbidity in ChildrenDr. Brady treats children as well as adults. At a recent conference, Dr. Brady learned that children are also likely to have comorbid conditions. It is important, Dr. Brady believes, for parents and teachers to understand about the way comorbidity can impact children, since they have to function in school and at home in particular ways.

Comorbid conditions that Dr. Brady often sees in his child patients include ADHD, anxiety, depression, Tourette's syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, and various kinds of learning disabilities. As with adults, it is important for children to understand the • Home• Drugs of Abuse• Commonly Abused Drugs Charts• Emerging Trends and Alerts• Alcohol• Club Drugs• Cocaine• Hallucinogens• Heroin• Inhalants• Marijuana• MDMA (Ecstasy/Molly)• Methamphetamine• Opioids• Prescription Drugs & Cold Medicines• Steroids (Anabolic)• Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2/Spice)• Synthetic Cathinones comorbidity definition psychology Salts)• Tobacco/Nicotine• Other Drugs• Related Topics• Addiction Science• Adolescent Brain• Comorbidity• College-Age & Young Adults• Criminal Justice• Drugged Driving• Drug Testing• Drugs and the Brain• Genetics• Global Health• Hepatitis (Viral)• HIV/AIDS• Medical Consequences• Mental Health• Military• Pain• Prevention• Treatment• Trends & Statistics• Women and Drugs• Publications• Funding• Funding Opportunities• Clinical Research• Post-Award Concerns• General Information• Grant & Contract Application Process• Funding Priorities• Research Training• News & Events• News• Nora's Blog• NIDA in the News• NIDA Notes• Podcasts• E-Newsletters• Public Education Projects• Contact the Press Office• Meetings & Events• Media Guide• About NIDA• Director's Page• Organization• Legislative Activities• Advisory Boards & Groups• Working at NIDA• Donating to NIDA• Contact Us• Sharing Tools and Badges• Other Resources• Strategic Plan When two disorders or illnesses occur in the same person, simultaneously or sequentially, they are described as comorbid.

Comorbidity also implies interactions between the illnesses that affect the course and prognosis of both. • Letter From the Director• What is comorbidity?• Is drug addiction a mental illness?• How common are comorbid drug use and other mental disorders?• Why do drug use disorders often co-occur with other mental illnesses?• How can comorbidity be diagnosed?• How should comorbid conditions be treated?• Glossary• References This series of reports simplifies the science of research findings for the educated lay public, legislators, educational groups, and practitioners.

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